Teardrop

This exploits the OS's IP fragmentation. Packets are crafted in such a way that the fragment offset overlap. This confuses the system which then allocates unnecessary resources to reassemble them, resulting in a slow down in system performance.

LAND

SYN packets are sent with the same source and destination (spoofed). which causes the system to try and respond to itself. This is mainly an issue on older systems.

Small PMTU

PMTU attacks change the MTU (Maximum Transmission Unit) of the packet to a very low value. Causing the responding server to send back multiple packets. An example would be an 1000k file, with the MTU set to 10bytes. This would cause the server to send back 100,000 packets. Uikes !!

Ping Of Death

Ping packets 64kb (or larger) are sent to the server. This can cause problems for some older IP stacks as they have problems reassembling the fragmented packets.